Murray Bowen is the pioneer of systemic theory that treats a family as a whole rather than as individuals.
He was born in the small town of Waverly, Tennessee, and received his medical degree from the University of Tennessee Medical School in 1937.
In the 1950s, Bowen developed the family systems theory because he saw the family as the primary source of emotions and personality.
Bowenian theory emphasizes healthy psychological differentiation between family members as the foundation of positive family relationships.
Differentiation means being in contact with but not overly dependent on or influenced by another person.
The opposite would be enmeshment, in which a person does not have a strong sense of self and cannot tolerate other people being different from them.
A Bowenian therapist helps clients stay rational when under emotional stress so that each member can separate themselves from the others, psychologically speaking, without being overly anxious.
This way, no one member of the family is pinpointed as the problematic person or scapegoat. The focus becomes on how one responds to another’s difficult behaviors.
Bowenian Family Systems Therapy also recognizes that family dynamics can carry the influence of multiple generations.
A therapist can draw a genogram with the family to bring insight into transgenerational problems, which helps take the burden off any single family member.
The therapist may also point out unconscious processes in the family or patterns of behavior.
However, the therapist tries not to become too involved in the family members’ interactions.