The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM5) separates bipolar disorder into two types: bipolar I and bipolar II. The greatest difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II is the intensity and length of the manic episode.
A manic episode within Bipolar I is described as a period of time (at least a week) where the individual is in a heightened elevated mood. In this state they will exhibit a sense of grandiosity (believing they have God-like capacities), little to no sleep, become very talkative, experience racing thoughts, distractibility, hyper focus on a certain goal, and engage in risky behaviour (unrestrained buying, sexual indiscretions, foolish business investments). In some cases, the individual could experience delusional thoughts where they seem to be detached from reality. This experience is scary for both the individual experiencing it and their loved ones. Unfortunately, while the individual is in their manic episode they lack clarity and can not observe their erratic behaviour.
In Bipolar II disorder, instead of a full fledged maniac episode there will be a hypomanic episode. A hypomanic episode is shorter, it lasts at least 4 days. Individuals will also experience a heightened elevated mood and will experience some but not all of the symptoms of a manic episode. Generally, they present with at least three of the previously stated symptoms.
In both Bipolar I and II the person will experience a major depressive episode, similar to major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This depressive episode must last at least two weeks. Within that time the individual experiences either a depressed mood and/or a loss of interest/pleasure. There can also be a significant change in sleep, increased motor agitation/retardation, loss of energy, excessive and inappropriate feelings of guilt, a sense of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.
Some individuals who struggle with Bipolar disorder also experience mixed episodes. Mixed episodes consist of a combination of manic and depressive symptoms.
